Activity 5.2b – Introduction to CAD Modeling Skills
Procedure
The exercises contained in this activity require the creation of new CAD files in which you will reproduce sketches and forms represented in the displayed mages. . Most of the CAD files created in this activity will be Automoblox part files.
Before beginning this activity, create an electronic Automoblox project folder in which you will save all files associated with your Automoblox vehicle. Create a second electronic folder entitled Practice to store non-Automoblox part files. As you finish each exercise, save the associated CAD file in the appropriate folder. It is important that all Automoblox parts be saved to a single project folder for later use.
Conclusion:
1. What advantages do CAD sketches have over freehand sketches?
If you spill your coffee on it, you can just print out another, and another and another.
People can scribble over a printout to make revisions - without the entire final drawing having to be redrawn.
The scale is also more accurate.
2. What disadvantages do CAD sketches have when compared to freehand sketches?
you control every aspect of it, you can edit it and its more precise.
CAD sketches are easy to correct, each feature is linked to one another so it is more controlable.
3. What types of numeric constraints may be applied to sketches?
Freehand drawing is sometimes easier because if you are doing a rough draft, you can go back erase it quickly and do it over. You wouldn’t need to worry about the size until you get your ideas down.
4. Explain the difference between the Fillet sketch tool and the Fillet placed feature.
have different curved radii placed at precise points between the start and end of a feature edge
5. The Fillet placed feature is used to create both a “fillet” and a “round”. Describe the difference between the two results.
A fillet normally increases the strength of a metal corner because a rounded corner cools more evenly than a sharp corner, thereby reducing the possibility of a break. Rounds are edges or outside corners that have been rounded to prevent chipping.
6. Could the Shell feature be used to create the opening in the Automoblox body passenger section (as in number 2 above)? Explain your answer.
yes
Procedure
The exercises contained in this activity require the creation of new CAD files in which you will reproduce sketches and forms represented in the displayed mages. . Most of the CAD files created in this activity will be Automoblox part files.
Before beginning this activity, create an electronic Automoblox project folder in which you will save all files associated with your Automoblox vehicle. Create a second electronic folder entitled Practice to store non-Automoblox part files. As you finish each exercise, save the associated CAD file in the appropriate folder. It is important that all Automoblox parts be saved to a single project folder for later use.
Conclusion:
1. What advantages do CAD sketches have over freehand sketches?
If you spill your coffee on it, you can just print out another, and another and another.
People can scribble over a printout to make revisions - without the entire final drawing having to be redrawn.
The scale is also more accurate.
2. What disadvantages do CAD sketches have when compared to freehand sketches?
you control every aspect of it, you can edit it and its more precise.
CAD sketches are easy to correct, each feature is linked to one another so it is more controlable.
3. What types of numeric constraints may be applied to sketches?
Freehand drawing is sometimes easier because if you are doing a rough draft, you can go back erase it quickly and do it over. You wouldn’t need to worry about the size until you get your ideas down.
4. Explain the difference between the Fillet sketch tool and the Fillet placed feature.
have different curved radii placed at precise points between the start and end of a feature edge
5. The Fillet placed feature is used to create both a “fillet” and a “round”. Describe the difference between the two results.
A fillet normally increases the strength of a metal corner because a rounded corner cools more evenly than a sharp corner, thereby reducing the possibility of a break. Rounds are edges or outside corners that have been rounded to prevent chipping.
6. Could the Shell feature be used to create the opening in the Automoblox body passenger section (as in number 2 above)? Explain your answer.
yes
Activity 5.2a – Geometric Constraints
Introduction
A CAD model can quickly display an engineer’s ideas in a realistic way. And those models can be used to generate technical drawings that can communicate the information necessary to make the idea a reality. In order to generate a 3D model, designs must start with sketches that are generated within the CAD program. These computer generated sketches will appear resemble hand drawn sketches in geometry (the combination of points, lines, and shapes), but have big advantages over hand drawn sketches. One important difference between a freehand sketch and a CAD sketch is accuracy. The lines of a CAD sketch can be drawn perfectly straight, with start and end points that occur in exact locations in space. By using numeric (dimensional) constraints a line may also be given precise length, placed a specific distance from another sketch feature, or constrained to be oriented at a specific angle from another straight line. By applying geometric constraints a line can be made perfectly horizontal or vertical. If more than one line is being sketched, they can be made perfectly parallel or perpendicular, collinear, or equal in length. Lines can be constrained to be tangent to circles or arcs, and two circles can be constrained to be concentric. In order to precisely model a part, the designer must be able to use dimensional and geometric constraints within the CAD program.
You have already used linear dimensioning in earlier activities. In this activity, you will learn about geometric constraints that are common to most CAD programs and practice applying these constraints to CAD sketches.
Conclusion
1. What is a geometric constraint? A Geometric constraint is a Constant, non-numerical relationship between the parts of a geometric figure.
2. What are the different types of geometric constraints that are applied to sketches, and what are their functions?
-Perpendicular is a constraint that causes lines or axes of curves to meet at right angles.
-Parallel causes two or more lines or ellipse axes to be equidistant from each other.
-Tangent is used to cause two arcs or a line and an arc to intersect at a single point perpendicular to the arc’s radius.
-Coincident fixes two points together, or fixes a point to a curve.
-Concentric causes two or more arcs, circles, or ellipses to share the same center point.
-Colinear causes two lines or ellipse axes to lie along the same line.
-Horizontal causes lines, ellipse axes, or pairs of points to lie parallel to the X axis of the sketch coordinate system.
-Vertical causes lines, ellipse axes, or pairs of points to lie parallel to the y axis of the sketch coordinate system.
-Equal forces line segments to be the same length and arcs or circles to have the same radius.
-Fix constrains points or curves to a specific point on the sketch coordinate system.
-Symmetry causes selected lines or curves to become symmetrically constrained about a selected line.
3. Define “tangent”.
a. Sketch a line tangent to two circles.
b. Sketch three circles such that all circles are tangent to the other two.
4. How is a geometric constraint different from a numeric constraint? In a numeric constraint, a number value, or algebraic equation that is used to control the size or location of a geometric figure.In a geometric constraint, a non number value is used to control therelationship of the parts to the figure.
Introduction
A CAD model can quickly display an engineer’s ideas in a realistic way. And those models can be used to generate technical drawings that can communicate the information necessary to make the idea a reality. In order to generate a 3D model, designs must start with sketches that are generated within the CAD program. These computer generated sketches will appear resemble hand drawn sketches in geometry (the combination of points, lines, and shapes), but have big advantages over hand drawn sketches. One important difference between a freehand sketch and a CAD sketch is accuracy. The lines of a CAD sketch can be drawn perfectly straight, with start and end points that occur in exact locations in space. By using numeric (dimensional) constraints a line may also be given precise length, placed a specific distance from another sketch feature, or constrained to be oriented at a specific angle from another straight line. By applying geometric constraints a line can be made perfectly horizontal or vertical. If more than one line is being sketched, they can be made perfectly parallel or perpendicular, collinear, or equal in length. Lines can be constrained to be tangent to circles or arcs, and two circles can be constrained to be concentric. In order to precisely model a part, the designer must be able to use dimensional and geometric constraints within the CAD program.
You have already used linear dimensioning in earlier activities. In this activity, you will learn about geometric constraints that are common to most CAD programs and practice applying these constraints to CAD sketches.
Conclusion
1. What is a geometric constraint? A Geometric constraint is a Constant, non-numerical relationship between the parts of a geometric figure.
2. What are the different types of geometric constraints that are applied to sketches, and what are their functions?
-Perpendicular is a constraint that causes lines or axes of curves to meet at right angles.
-Parallel causes two or more lines or ellipse axes to be equidistant from each other.
-Tangent is used to cause two arcs or a line and an arc to intersect at a single point perpendicular to the arc’s radius.
-Coincident fixes two points together, or fixes a point to a curve.
-Concentric causes two or more arcs, circles, or ellipses to share the same center point.
-Colinear causes two lines or ellipse axes to lie along the same line.
-Horizontal causes lines, ellipse axes, or pairs of points to lie parallel to the X axis of the sketch coordinate system.
-Vertical causes lines, ellipse axes, or pairs of points to lie parallel to the y axis of the sketch coordinate system.
-Equal forces line segments to be the same length and arcs or circles to have the same radius.
-Fix constrains points or curves to a specific point on the sketch coordinate system.
-Symmetry causes selected lines or curves to become symmetrically constrained about a selected line.
3. Define “tangent”.
a. Sketch a line tangent to two circles.
b. Sketch three circles such that all circles are tangent to the other two.
4. How is a geometric constraint different from a numeric constraint? In a numeric constraint, a number value, or algebraic equation that is used to control the size or location of a geometric figure.In a geometric constraint, a non number value is used to control therelationship of the parts to the figure.
Project 4.1 Puzzle Design Challenge
Problem Statement:
A local office furniture manufacturing company throws away tens of thousands of scrap ¾” hardwood cubes that result from its furniture construction processes. The material is expensive, and the scrap represents a sizeable loss of profit.
Design Statement:
Fine Office Furniture, Inc. would like to return value to its waste product by using it as the raw material for desktop novelty items that will be sold on the showroom floor. Design, build, test, document, and present a three-dimensional puzzle system that is made from the scrap hardwood cubes. The puzzle system must provide an appropriate degree of challenge to a person who is three years of age or older.
1. Why is it important to model an idea before making a final prototype?
Because if you don't model it you could run into unforeseen problems that could have easily been avoided
2. Which assembly constraint(s) did you use to constrain the parts of the puzzle to the assembly such that it did not move? Describe each of the constraint types used and explain the degrees of freedom that are removed when each is applied between two parts. You may wish to create a sketch to help explain your description.
You may wish to create a sketch to help explain your description.
I used two mates and a flush for each puzzle piece to stick it to a side and then make it flush with the top.
3. Based on your experiences during the completion of the Puzzle Design Challenge, what is meant when someone says, “I used a design process to solve the problem at hand”? Explain your answer using examples from the work that you completed.
It means that they thought about the problem and all of the requirements involved like our deliverables list and then they come up with solutions for it like our two puzzle cube designs and finally implement it like our final puzzle cube.
Problem Statement:
A local office furniture manufacturing company throws away tens of thousands of scrap ¾” hardwood cubes that result from its furniture construction processes. The material is expensive, and the scrap represents a sizeable loss of profit.
Design Statement:
Fine Office Furniture, Inc. would like to return value to its waste product by using it as the raw material for desktop novelty items that will be sold on the showroom floor. Design, build, test, document, and present a three-dimensional puzzle system that is made from the scrap hardwood cubes. The puzzle system must provide an appropriate degree of challenge to a person who is three years of age or older.
1. Why is it important to model an idea before making a final prototype?
Because if you don't model it you could run into unforeseen problems that could have easily been avoided
2. Which assembly constraint(s) did you use to constrain the parts of the puzzle to the assembly such that it did not move? Describe each of the constraint types used and explain the degrees of freedom that are removed when each is applied between two parts. You may wish to create a sketch to help explain your description.
You may wish to create a sketch to help explain your description.
I used two mates and a flush for each puzzle piece to stick it to a side and then make it flush with the top.
3. Based on your experiences during the completion of the Puzzle Design Challenge, what is meant when someone says, “I used a design process to solve the problem at hand”? Explain your answer using examples from the work that you completed.
It means that they thought about the problem and all of the requirements involved like our deliverables list and then they come up with solutions for it like our two puzzle cube designs and finally implement it like our final puzzle cube.
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Candy Dispenser Design Brief The Candy Company is celebrating its 50th year anniversary and would like to provide consumers with a candy dispenser that will house the four existing bite-size candies that they currently produce. They also want new shapes created for each candy. Design and model a new hand-held dispensing system.
Conclusion
1. Why is it important to model an idea before making a final prototype?
By modeling an idea, it also the designer to see the final layout, and make sure that their prototype is exactly how they want it. This model also is used in critique, and can evolve when studied.
2. Based on your experiences during the completion of the Design Challenges, what was the hardest thing about working as a team?
we worked individually on this activity, but the hardest part of working by yourself is that it takes longer, and you won't have as many ideas.
3. What is a design brief?
A design brief shows the constraints of the design, the problem statement and solution and then who and how this design will be pursued and then marketed
4. Besides a three-fold brochure, how else can you market your design?
We could create a website, or team up with a canoe manufacture and incorporate out design into their latest endeavor.
Conclusion
1. Why is it important to model an idea before making a final prototype?
By modeling an idea, it also the designer to see the final layout, and make sure that their prototype is exactly how they want it. This model also is used in critique, and can evolve when studied.
2. Based on your experiences during the completion of the Design Challenges, what was the hardest thing about working as a team?
we worked individually on this activity, but the hardest part of working by yourself is that it takes longer, and you won't have as many ideas.
3. What is a design brief?
A design brief shows the constraints of the design, the problem statement and solution and then who and how this design will be pursued and then marketed
4. Besides a three-fold brochure, how else can you market your design?
We could create a website, or team up with a canoe manufacture and incorporate out design into their latest endeavor.
Activity 2.3 Glass Box
In this activity you will design and build a box from a flat sheet of transparency film. You will then use your glass box to help you sketch orthogonal projections of an object and create multi-view drawings.
Conclusion
1. How do you determine the orientation of orthogonal projections in a multi-view drawing?
you need to take into consideration from where the objects are viewed
2. How would you describe the geometric relationship that exists between the adjacent views of a multi-view drawing?
Multiple views help describe each other.
3. Why is it important to lay out a multi-view sketch with points and construction lines before drawing object lines?
Corresponding points and construction lines help a draftsman line-up the features so they correctly depict the object being drawn.
Activity 1.9 Design Innovation
Introduction
Name a product or process that is truly an original invention. You possibly named an Xbox Kinect or an iPhone. These products are examples of high quality consumer products; however, neither is an invention. Both are innovations: an improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something. The Kinect is an adaptation of existing technology using multiple cameras and facial and voice recognition to interact with a computer using gestures. An iPhone adapts mobile phone technology dating back to 1973. An invention is a new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation. An example of an invention is a nanobot. Robots of a size comparable to atoms had not been accomplished previously. The first wheel would be an invention. The modification to make the wheel out of aluminum alloy and cover it with a synthetic rubber tire is an innovation.
Introduction
Name a product or process that is truly an original invention. You possibly named an Xbox Kinect or an iPhone. These products are examples of high quality consumer products; however, neither is an invention. Both are innovations: an improvement of an existing technological product, system, or method of doing something. The Kinect is an adaptation of existing technology using multiple cameras and facial and voice recognition to interact with a computer using gestures. An iPhone adapts mobile phone technology dating back to 1973. An invention is a new product, system, or process that has never existed before, created by study and experimentation. An example of an invention is a nanobot. Robots of a size comparable to atoms had not been accomplished previously. The first wheel would be an invention. The modification to make the wheel out of aluminum alloy and cover it with a synthetic rubber tire is an innovation.
Activity 1.6: Discover Engineering
Conclusion
1. What is it about “engineering” that is common to all disciplines of engineering? That is, what makes an “engineer” an “engineer” regardless of the work one does?
Engineering is the science, skill, and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and also build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes. These factors are the things that make all types of engineering related
2. Why do you think engineering has been called the stealth profession? (Hint: there are many internet resources that address this question.)
People don't really see the Engineers at work. Your average man on the street doesn't think where the electricity comes from when he flips the switch, or how the water gets to his toilet when he pulls the handle or, for that matter, where it goes after the flush.
3. How is an engineer different from a scientist?
Difference between scientist and engineers is that scientist discovers new theories and uses them to solve problems scientifically while engineers use the theories discovered by scientist to solve problems technologically
4. What interpersonal characteristics do you think are important to the success of an engineer of any discipline?
Working with and relating to other people. They include: Being able to lead, the ability to motivate, encouraging others, being able to listen, being able to communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing, being able to value opinions, being able to negotiate, and being able to take constructive criticism.
Conclusion
1. What is it about “engineering” that is common to all disciplines of engineering? That is, what makes an “engineer” an “engineer” regardless of the work one does?
Engineering is the science, skill, and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and also build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes. These factors are the things that make all types of engineering related
2. Why do you think engineering has been called the stealth profession? (Hint: there are many internet resources that address this question.)
People don't really see the Engineers at work. Your average man on the street doesn't think where the electricity comes from when he flips the switch, or how the water gets to his toilet when he pulls the handle or, for that matter, where it goes after the flush.
3. How is an engineer different from a scientist?
Difference between scientist and engineers is that scientist discovers new theories and uses them to solve problems scientifically while engineers use the theories discovered by scientist to solve problems technologically
4. What interpersonal characteristics do you think are important to the success of an engineer of any discipline?
Working with and relating to other people. They include: Being able to lead, the ability to motivate, encouraging others, being able to listen, being able to communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing, being able to value opinions, being able to negotiate, and being able to take constructive criticism.
Activity 1.2:
Aerodynamic Distance
Introduction
In this activity your team will quickly find a solution to an aerodynamics challenge – to design and build a vehicle from the provided materials that will fly as far as possible.
Equipment
· Pencil
· 2 sheets of paper
· 2 rubber bands
· 12 in. piece of string
· 3 straws
· 12 in. of masking tape
· 5 paper clips
· 1 plastic grocery bag
· 2 tongue depressors
Procedure
Using only the materials provided, design and build a device or vehicle to fly as far as possible. A team member may initiate the motion of the vehicle or device but must release the device or vehicle before the Starting Line.
Conclusion
1. How did your experience in the first Instant Challenge help you in solving this problem?
Participated only in one instant challenge.
2. Did you make changes during your Design/Build/Test phase that resulted in your vehicle flying a shorter distance? If so, what were the changes?
We did not make any changes to our vehicle.
3. Do you think it is more productive to continually test your product or to test at set time intervals? Why?
It is more productive to continually test your product, because if you notice any problems you can fix them.
Aerodynamic Distance
Introduction
In this activity your team will quickly find a solution to an aerodynamics challenge – to design and build a vehicle from the provided materials that will fly as far as possible.
Equipment
· Pencil
· 2 sheets of paper
· 2 rubber bands
· 12 in. piece of string
· 3 straws
· 12 in. of masking tape
· 5 paper clips
· 1 plastic grocery bag
· 2 tongue depressors
Procedure
Using only the materials provided, design and build a device or vehicle to fly as far as possible. A team member may initiate the motion of the vehicle or device but must release the device or vehicle before the Starting Line.
Conclusion
1. How did your experience in the first Instant Challenge help you in solving this problem?
Participated only in one instant challenge.
2. Did you make changes during your Design/Build/Test phase that resulted in your vehicle flying a shorter distance? If so, what were the changes?
We did not make any changes to our vehicle.
3. Do you think it is more productive to continually test your product or to test at set time intervals? Why?
It is more productive to continually test your product, because if you notice any problems you can fix them.